```{r setup, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo=TRUE, fig.align="center")
```

#### Statistics for Laboratory Scientists ( 140.615 )

## Goodness of Fit

### Example from class

```{r}
o <- c(35,43,22)
p <- c(0.25,0.50,0.25)
e <- sum(o)*p
e
```

The likelihood ratio test.

```{r}
o/e
log(o/e)
o*log(o/e)
lrt <- 2*sum(o*log(o/e)) 
lrt
pchisq(lrt,3-1,lower.tail=FALSE)
```

The chi-square test.

```{r}
xsq <- sum((o-e)^2/e)
xsq
pchisq(xsq,3-1,lower.tail=FALSE)
chisq.test(o,p=c(1/4,1/2,1/4))
```

Or write your own functions to calculate the test statistics.

```{r}
f.xsq <- function(o,p){
  e <- (p*sum(o))
  sum((o-e)^2/e)
}

f.lrt <- function(o,p){
  e <- (p*sum(o))
  2*sum(o*log(o/e),na.rm=TRUE)
}

f.xsq(o,p)
f.lrt(o,p)
```

### Example from class: a composite hypothesis test

```{r}
x <- c(5,20,75)
fhat <- (x[1]+x[2]/2)/sum(x)
fhat
p <- c(fhat^2,2*fhat*(1-fhat),(1-fhat)^2)
p
x
sum(x)*p

lrt <- f.lrt(x,p)
lrt
pchisq(lrt,1,lower.tail=FALSE)

xsq <- f.xsq(x,p)
xsq
pchisq(xsq,1,lower.tail=FALSE)
```